Dados do Trabalho

Título

Obesity as a risk factor of severity and death in hospitalized Coronavirus disease 2019 patients throughout 2021-year in Brazil: an analysis of secondary data

Objetivo

To ascertain the clinical and epidemiological profile, alongside evaluating the frequency of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, utilization of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), and mortality rates, among both obese and non-obese individuals who were hospitalized due to Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) across four distinct age categories throughout the entire year of 2021 in the nation of Brazil.

Métodos

An ecological study was conducted on adults hospitalized with COVID-19. The primary endpoint was the in-hospital mortality rate, while secondary endpoints included admission to the ICU and usage of IMV. Data was collected from the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System.

Resultados

The study analyzed 329,206 COVID-19 patients who had been hospitalized, and 26.3% of these patients were obese. The data revealed temporal trends of higher ICU admissions, greater need for IMV, and higher in-hospital mortality in the obese group compared to the non-obese group in all age groups analysed (p<0.001). The odds ratio for death increased progressively with younger age groups, even after adjustments for logistic regression (< 50 years aOR: 1.17 (95%CI (1.10-1.25); 50-59 years aOR: 1.11 (95%CI (1.04-1.19); 60-69 years aOR: 1.08 (95%CI (1.00-1.16; and patients older than 70 years OR: 0.972 (95%CI 0.90-1.05).

Conclusão

Hospitalised COVID-19 patients who were obese, particularly in younger age groups, exhibited higher ICU admission rates, required IMV more frequently and had a higher mortality rate compared to non-obese patients. The obesity paradox did not manifest in hospitalised COVID-19 patients in Brazil during the entirety of 2021.